1.Classification of abrasive tools

Abrasives can be divided into natural abrasives and artificial abrasives according to their raw material sources.

Natural abrasives: This kind of abrasives are directly processed from natural mineral rocks, such as oil stones. Natural abrasive tools have been used by humans in the Neolithic Age for processing stone knives, stone axes and other tools.

Artificial abrasives: Most abrasives are artificial abrasives made of abrasives and binders. According to the basic shape and structural characteristics of artificial abrasives can be divided into grinding wheel, grinding head, whetstone, sand tile (above referred to as consolidated abrasives) and coated abrasives five categories.

According to the different abrasives used, the consolidated abrasives can be divided into ordinary abrasive consolidated abrasives and superhard abrasive consolidated abrasives. The former is made of ordinary abrasives such as corundum and silicon carbide, while the latter is made of superhard abrasives such as diamond and cubic boron nitride.

2.The composition of abrasives

Common abrasive consolidation abrasives are generally composed of abrasives, binders and pores, which are often called the three elements of the consolidation abrasives.

Abrasive: plays a cutting role in abrasives, commonly used abrasives are corundum abrasives (such as brown corundum, white corundum, single crystal corundum, etc.) and silicon carbide abrasives (such as black silicon carbide, green silicon carbide, etc.).

Binder: It is a material that consolidates loose abrasives into abrasives, there are two types of inorganic and organic. Inorganic binders include ceramics, magnesite and sodium silicate, etc. Organic ones include resin, rubber and shellac. Among the most commonly used are ceramic, resin and rubber binders.

Porosity: It has the effect of absorbing and removing chips during grinding, and can contain the coolant, which helps the grinding heat escape. In order to meet some special processing requirements, some fillers can also be impregnated in the stomata to improve the performance of the abrasive tool.